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University  of  California  •  Berkeley 


Jack  Fleming  Prison  Collection 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/annualreportofinOOcalirich 


Document  No.  13. 


IN  SENATE.]  [SESSION  1855. 


Al^NUAL  EEPOET 


OF  THE 


INSPECTORS  OF  STATE  PRISON, 


TO  THE 


CegxBlature  of  t[)C  State  oi  aTaUfornia, 


FEBRUARY   16,  1855. 


[B.  B.  REDDING,  STATE  PRINTER. 


KEPOET. 


Office  of  the  Board  of  State  Prison  Inspectors,  ) 

January  30,  1855.      ) 

To  the  Hon.  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  California : 

In  obedience  to  the  law  creating  their  office  and  defining  their  duties,  the 
undersigned,  State  Prison  Inspectors,  respectfully  submit  the  following  report: 

Since  their  appointment,  the  Inspectors  have  made  frequent  visits  to  San 
Quentin,  and  have  examined  into  the  management,  condition  and  affairs  of  the 
State  Prison  as  fully  and  carefully  as  their  powers  and  opportunities  have  ena- 
bled them  to  do.  Having  no  authority  to  administer  oaths,  or  to  require  infor- 
mation by  compulsory  process,  they  have  been  obliged  to  rely  upon  their  own 
observation,  together  with  such  statements  as  might  be  volunteered  to  them  by 
the  Lessee  and  his  employees  and  the  questionable  declarations  of  the  prisoners 
themselves. 

From  the  best  information,  however,  which  they  have  been  able  to  obtain 
from  these  sources,  they  find  that  the  whole  number  of  State  convicts  received 
up  to  Nov.  20,  1854, — (the  date  of  the  Inspectors'  report  to  the  Governor,) — 
was  520,  of  whom  138  had  been  discharged  on  the  expiration  of  their  terms  of 
sentence,  38  had  been  pardoned,  75  had  escaped  and  not  been  retaken,  1  had 
died  in  prison,  and  8  had  been  killed  in  various  attempts  at  escape — leaving  258 
remaining  in  prison,  and  2  unaccounted  for. 

Since  that  time,  31  new  convicts  have  been  received  ;  22  escaped  in  a  body 
from  Marin  Island  on  the  27th  of  December,  4  of  those  who  had  previously 
escaped  have  been  recaptured,  and  several  more  have  been  discharged.  Of 
those  who  escaped  from  Marin  Island,  8  have  been  recaptured  and  4  killed, 
leaving  10  still  at  large;  most,  if  not  all,  of  whom  were  severely  wounded.  Six 
of  these  were  retaken  in  the  month  of  January,  and  imprisoned  in  the  County 
Jail  of  Santa  Clara  county,  whence,  after  two  or  three  days  incarceration,  they 
effected  their  escape.  In  connection  with  this  affair,  the  Sheriff  of  that  county 
has  made  complaints  concerning  the  action  of  officers  of  the  prison,  and  charges 
of  neglect  on  their  part,  which,  if  true,  deserve  to  be  noticed  by  the  Legislature. 

Of  those  who  have  effected  their  escape,  however,  it  is  but  justice  to  the  pre- 
sent Contractor  to  state,  that  25  are  reported  to  have  escaped  from  Col.  John 
C.  Hays,  whilst  that  gentleman  was  connected  with  the  State  Prison  andvhad 
charge  of  the  convicts. 

The  document  herewith  transmitted,  marked  "A,"  is  a  transcript  from  the 
register  of  prisoners  kept  at  the  prison  by  the  Superintendent,  which  was  fur- 


nished  to  us  by  James  M.  Estell,  the  Lessee,  and  purports  to  exhibit  the  name, 
age  and  description  of  each  prisoner,  the  date  of  his  entrance,  his  term  of ,  im- 
prisonment, and  the  offense  for  which  he  was  sentenced,  the  county  from  which 
he  was  sent,  the  State  or  country  in  which  he  was  born,  and  the  date  of  the 
expiration  of  his  sentence. 

Document  "  B."  contains  a  tabular  statement  of  the  number  of  prisoners  re- 
ceived, the  number  of  escapes  exclusive  of  recaptures,  the  number  of  deaths,  the 
age  and  sex  of  the  convicts,  and  the  number  now  in  prison. 

Document  "  C."  purports  to  be  a  tabular  statement  of  the  places  of  nativity, 
and  occupations  of  the  prisoners,  the  counties  where  they  were  sentenced,  and 
the  crimes  of  which  they  were  convicted. 

Document  *'  D."  is  a  list  of  the  officers,  keepers,  and  guards  of  the  prison. 

There  are  no  female  convicts  now  under  sentence. 

These  statistics,  the  undersigned  are  satisfied,  are  in  some  respects  inaccurate, 
but  they  have  found  it  quite  impossible  to  arrive  at  facts  which  could  be  relied 
on  with  entire  certainty 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  and  accompanying  statements,  that  only 
twelve  prisoners  are  reported  to  have  been  killed,  whereas,  the  Inspectors  are 
induced  to  believe,  on  information  derived  from  other  sources  and  which  they 
deem  reliable,  that  more  than  double  that  number  have  been  killed  by  the  offi- 
cers and  guards,  in  the  repeated  insurrections,  escapes,  and  attempts  at  recap- 
ture, and  their  names  not  reported  to  the  Inspectors,  for  fear  of  the  trouble  and 
expense  of  a  legal  investigation.  This  we  conceive  to  be  a  grave  matter  and 
one  that  ought  to  be  inquired  into  by  the  Grand  Jury  of  the  county.  It  is  un- 
questionably the  duty  of  those  having  charge  of  the  convicts  to  prevent  escapes, 
if  possible,  at  all  hazards,  and  the  undersigned  do  not  know  of  any  instance  in 
which  a  State  prisoner  has  been  killed  by  the  guards  wantonly  or  without  war- 
rant of  law.  But  in  so  grave  a  matter  as  homicide,  though  the  act  be  justifiable 
and  lawful  in  itself,  a  concealment  of  it,  or  a  refusal  to  report  the  same  to  the 
proper  officers,  gives  rise  to  suspicions  of  wrong  and  demands  investigation. 

Desirous  of  being  able  to  communicate  to  the  Legislature  satisfactory  infor- 
mation as  to  the  truth  or  falsity  of  certain  reports  that  have  been  circulated 
respecting  the  management  of  the  prison  and  the  safekeeping  of  the  convicts, 
the  Inspectors  addressed  a  circular  letter  to  the  County  Clerks  of  the  several 
counties  throughout  the  State,  a  copy  of  which,  marked  E,"  is  herewith  trans- 
mitted; but,  except  in  three  or  four  instances,  no  notice  has  been  taken  of  their 
communication. 

The  Board  of  Inspectors  through  their  Chairman,  also  addressed  a  note  to  the 
Controller  of  State,  requesting  from  that  officer  a  list  of  State  Prisoners  as  exhibit- 
ed by  the  books  and  papers  on  file  in  his  office,  and  by  the  accounts  for  mileage  that 
have  been  presented,  and  audited  by  him.  His  answer,  however,  has  not  been  re- 
ceived. 

In  view  of  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  obtaining  authentic  information,  we  think 
that  a  law  ought  to  be  passed  authorizing  the  State  Prison  Inspectors  to  require  from 
all  officers  and  private  persons,  such  information  as  they  may  deem  important  con- 
cerning convicts  and  the  administration  of  criminal  justice.  They  should  also  be 
empowered,  we  think,  to  administer  oaths  and  to  punish  as  for  contempt  a  refusal  to 
answer  touching  the  subject  matter  committed  to  their  charge. 

We  also  recommended  that  the  office  of  Inspector  be  made  elective  by  the  people, 
that  its  powers  be  enlarged  and  that  a  reasonable  compensation  be  attached  thereto. 
Efficiency  in  such  an  office  and  proper  attention  to  the  duties  of  it,  can  scarcely  be 
looked  for  where  no  salary  is  allowed,  and  where  even  the  incident  expenses,  which 
are  necessarily  considerable,  have  to  be  borne  from  the  private  purses  of  the  officers 
themselves. 

The  subject  of  rewards  for  the  apprehension  of  escaped  convicts,  was  alluded  to 


6 

by  the  Inspectors  in  their  first  annual  report,  and  is  again  respectfully  called  to  the 
attention  of  the  Legislature.  By  the  fourteenth  section  of  the  Act  of  1851,  "  to 
provide  for  the  safe  keeping  of  the  State  Prison  Convicts,"  the  lessee  is  required  to 
pay  all  rewards  for  the  capture  of  escaped  prisoners,  but,  by  a  most  singular  provi- 
sion, he  is  prohibited  from  ofiering  a  reward  of  over  $2,500,  whilst  its  minimum  is 
limited  only  by  the  smallest  denomination  of  money.  Accordingly,  the  rewards  that 
have  been  offered  for  the  recapture  and  delivery  of  escaped  convicts,  have  been  en- 
tirely disproportionate  to  either  the  difficulty  or  importance  of  securing  their  arrest ; 
and  of  these  no  notice  by  publication  has  generally  been  given. 

In  this  matter  the  lessee  has  complied  with  the  letter  of  his  contract  and  ought 
not,  perhaps,  to  be  censured  for  not  spending  his  own  money  with  a  liberality  greater 
than  the  law  requires.  He  doubtless  became  a  party  to  the  contract  on  speculation 
and  with  a  view  of  making  money  out  of  it,  and  not  from  any  philanthropic  notions 
of  public  service.  It  is  not  to  be  presumed  then,  that  he  will  consent  to  any  modi- 
fication of  the  law  in  this  respect,  and  we  therefore  recommend  that  the  Governor 
or  Sfcate  Prison  Inspectors  be  authorized,  in  certain  cases,  to  ofier  rewards  for  es- 
caped convicts,  payable  out  of  the  State  Treasury. 

Of  late,  the  number  and  frequency  of  escapes  have  been  so  great  as  to  chalhnge 
public  attention,  and  have  given  rise  to  popular  clamor  and  complaint.  According- 
ly on  the  twentieth  day  of  October  last,  a  letter  from  his  Excellency  the  Governor 
was  directed  to  us  through  the  columns  of  the  State  Journal,  asking  for  a  more 
thorough  examination  and  an  early  report,  a  copy  of  which  letter  is  herewith  sub- 
mitted, marked  "F."  Pursuant  to  these  instructions  and  those  of  the  law,  the 
undersigned  have  made  diligent  inquiry  into  the  causes  of  the  numerous  escapes 
which  have  occurred,  and  they  are  forced  to  attribute  them  chiefly  to  the  system 
which  prevails  of  workiug  the  prisoners  in  large  gangs,  outside  of  the  Prison  and  at 
a  distance  from  the  Prison  Grounds.  The  stampede  of  December  27,  was  elFocted 
from  Marin  Island  a  place  distant  from  the  Prison  two  or  three  miles,  where  a  large 
number  of  the  convicts  were  engaged  in  quarrying  stone,  one  of  the  revolts  of  last 
year  in  which  some  of  the  guards  were  killed  and  several  of  the  prisoners  escaped, 
took  place  at  the  Kedwoods  near  Corte  Madera,  whither  they  had  been  sent  for 
wood,  and  nearly  every  escape  which  has  been  reported  to  the  undersigned,  has  hap- 
pened when  prisoners  were  away  from  the  Prison  Grounds.  The  lessee  claims  the 
right  under  his  contract  with  the  State,  to  work  the  convicts  wherever  and  at  what- 
ever business  or  labor  he  may  find  most  profitable,  and  in  support  of  this  position 
he  quotes  the  opinion  of  the  late  Attorney  General.  If  he  really  have  the  right 
which  he  claims,  but  which  the  Inspectors  do  not  acknowledge,  then  the  lessee  can 
send  State  Prisoners  in  the  capacity  of  clerks  or  servants  to  San  Francisco,  Sacra- 
mento or  Placerville.  And  such  has  really  been  the  case  in  at  least  one  instance 
which  has  come  to  our  knowledge  where  a  convict  was  sent  to  San  Francisco  to  wait 
upon  an  officer  of  the  Prison,  whence  he  efiected  his  escape  and  is  now  at  large. 
This  case  was  reported  to  us  by  the  lessee. 

A  portion  of  the  prisoners  denonminated  "  trusties  "  and  who  have  been  distin- 
guished for  good  behavior,  are  frequently  sent  on  errands  or  expeditions  of  confi- 
dence, either  alone  or  in  company  with  a  guard. 

The  undersigned  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  practice  of  working  the  prisoners  in 
difierent  places  without'sufficient  guards  to  insure  safety  against  the  possibility  of  es- 
cape, is  wrong  and  ought  not  to  be  tolerated,  but  they  have  found  themselves  pow- 
less  in  the  premises  to  remedy  the  existing  evils,  and  can  only  report  such  facts  as 
may  come  to  their  knowledge — for  the  consideration  of  the  Legislature. 

The  provision  of  law  relied  on  in  favor  of  this  right  as  contended  for  by  the  con- 
tractor is  contained  in  the  7th  Section  of  the  act  above  referred  to,  which  provides 
that  "  said  Act  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to  confine  the  labor  of  the  prisoners 
within  the  limits  of  said  prison,  or  to  any  particular  place  or  labor,"  whilst  the 
whole  tenor  of  the  Act  seems  to  contemplate  the  confining  of  the  prisoners  t^^i^iw 
the  limits  of  the  prison  grounds. 


If,  however,  the  State  has  been  unwise  enough  to  make  a  contract  for  ten  years, 
for  the  keeping  of  the  convicts,  which  affords  no  adequate  security,  and  if  the  lessee 
has  the  right  as  claimed  by  him  to  remove  the  inmates,  at  will,  from  the  prison 
and  prison  grounds,  it  will  certainly  be  prudpnt  to  purchase  a  modification  or 
entire  canceling  of  such  a  contract  as  cheaply  and  quickly  as  possible. 

The  prison  itself  is  of  massive  material  and  substantially  built,  and  with  the  addi- 
tion of  a  wall  of  suitable  dimensions,  and  with  proper  diligence  on  the  part  of  the 
keepers,  it  might  afford  ample  security  against  the  escape  of  prisoners.  Its  upper 
story  is  divided  into  cells  of  convenient  size,  the  lower  part  being  mainly  in  one 
room.  This,  at  a  comparitively  small  expense,  might  be  made  into  a  large  number 
of  strong  and  secure  cells,  thus  increasing,  by  one  half,  the  cell  capacity  of  the  pri- 
son without  the  erection  of  another  building. 

The  undersigned  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  great  object  of  penitentiary  pun- 
ishment— the  safe  keeping  of  the  convict — will  hardly  be  secured,  at  present,  with- 
out a  wall  enclosing  the  prison  grounds  and  invariable  confinement  of  the  prisoners 
within  the  same  How  this  is  to  be  built,  if  built  at  all,  it  is  for  the  Legislature 
to  determine.  But,  should  it  be  done  at  the  cost  of  the  State,  and  should  an  appro- 
priation be  made  for  that  purpose,  we  recommend  either  that  the  existing  contract 
be  terminated  upon  such  terms  as  may  be  just,  or  that  the  lessee  be  required  to  re- 
linquish his  claims  to  the  right  of  removing  the  prisoners  beyond  the  the  prison 
grounds.  If  the  wall  will  only  serve  to  shut  out  the  prisoners,  instead  of  being  as 
it  ought  to  be,  an  impassable  barrier  between  them  and  society,  then  its  construction 
would  be  useless  and  extravagant. 

Among  the  convicts  now  under  sentence,  there  are  a  few  daring  and  intelligent 
criminals,  but  generally  they  are  ignorant,  stupid  and  submissive.  No  record  is 
kept  showing  what  proportion  of  the  prisoners  are  educated,  but  the  majority  of 
those  whom  we  interrogated  we  found  could  neither  read  nor  write,  and  by  far  the 
larger  proportion  of  the  prisoners  are  addicted  to  intemperance. 

And  in  this  connection  the  undersigned  ask  leave  to  state  as  a  conclusion  arrived 
at  after  careful  inquiry  on  their  part,  that  a  vast  proportion  of  the  higher  crimes 
which  have  been  committed  in  this  State  have  been  perpetrated  under  the  excite- 
ment of  spirituous  liquors  or  the  frenzy  of  intoxication.  This  fact  is  one  of  suffi- 
cient significance,  and  merits  the  attentive  consideration  of  the  Legislature. 

The  inspectors  are  of  the  opinion  that  there  ought  to  be  a  more  careful  gradua- 
tion in  the  scale  of  punishments.  By  the  existing  law  the  larceny  ^f  S50  is  pun- 
ishable by  death,  while  the  higher  crime  of  arson  is  punished  with  imprisonment 
not  to  exceed  two  years,  and  many  crimes  and  offences  of  considerable  magnitude 
are  not  cognizable  by  our  courts. 

We  recommend  that  the  criminal  laws  be  carefully  revised,  that  the  jury  system 
be  remodeled  so  as  to  secure,  if  possible,  some  honesty  in  the  ,mcde  of  empanel- 
ing and  selecting  juries,  and  that  the  rule  of  evidence  be  so  changed  as  to  insure  a 
more  just  and  certain  administration  of  penal  statutes. 

We  also  recommend  that  the  punishment  for  murder  be  made  alterative,  in 
the  discretion  of  the  jury — either  death  or  imprisonment  in  the  State  Prison  for 
life.  The  inspectors  are  induced  to  this  recommendation  from  a  conviction  of 
its  necessity  as  a  remedial  experiment,  and  not  from  any  desire  on  their  part  to 
shield  from  merited  punishment  the  man  who,  by  the  commission  of  the  most 
atrocious  crime,  has  forfeited  the  right  to  live.  But  we  find,  on  careful  exam- 
ination, that  of  the  several  hundred  murders  that  have  been  committed  in  this 
State  since  the  de  facto  organization  of  its  government,  only  a  dozen  or  so  of 
the  murderers  have  been  convicted  and  executed,  and  we  are  compelled  to 
attribute  this  impunity  of  crime,  in  a  great  degree,  to  the  general  reluctance  on 
the  part  of  our  people  legally  to  enforce  capital  punishment,  and  which  fre- 
quently leads  juries,  after  solemn  and  pains-taking  deliberation,  to  disagree  on 
their  verdict,  or  to  acquit  the  accused  on  the  slightest  pretext  of  justification, 


or  the  most  remote  possibility  of  innocence  or  insanity,  rather  than  render  a 
verdict  of  conviction  when  the  penalty  is  death. 

It  is  the  certainty  of  punishment,  we  respectfully  submit,  and  not  its  severity, 
that  gives  force  and  efficiency  to  penal  laws.     In  order  to  act  as  a  salutary, 
restraint  upon  crime  by  the  example  of  its  punishment,  the  penalty  must  follow 
the  perpetration  of  the  crime,  promptly  and  with  the  invariable  relation  of 
cause  and  effect. 

The  plea  of  insanity  is  practically  one  of  the  most  fruitful  sources  of  abuse 
that  exists  in  the  practice  of  our  courts.  How  this  evil  is  to  be  corrected,  it  is 
perhaps  difficult  to  understand  ;  but  the  law  certainly  ought,  if  possible,  to  be 
so  modified,  that  the  proof,  merely  of  some  violent  or  incoherent  expressions 
should  not  be  held  sufficient  to  justify  acquittal  in  capital  cases.  To  be  recog- 
nized as  a  bar  to  the  most  rigid  penalties,  it  should  be  no  less  than  that  clear 
and  unmistakeable  madness  which  obliterates  from  the  mind  the  knowledge  of 
right  and  wrong  and  annihilates  the  power  of  the  will  ;  and,  even  in  that  case, 
we  think  that  the  State  ought  to  protect  its  citizens  against  the  consequences  of 
this  vicious  insanity,  or  the  recurrence  of  it,  by  perpetual  confinement  in  a 
prison  for  lunatics. 

It  appears  to  be  a  perversion  of  justice  and  of  law  to  permit  the  culprit,  who, 
for  some  fancied  insult,  has  murdered  his  fellow,  to  come  into  court  and  defend 
the  act  on  the  plea  of  insanity,  and  to  be  discharged,  again,  perhaps,  under  a 
fresh  attack  of  his  infirmity,  to  maim  and  murder  others. 

It  has  been  customary  for  Sheriffs,  in  transportiug  convicts  under  sentence, 
to  deliver  them  to  the  lessee  of  the  prison  or  his  agent,  in  San  Francisco,  taking 
his  receipt  therefor.  This  method  of  proceeding,  we  think,  should  be  prohibited, 
and  Sheriffs  should  be  required  by  law,  in  all  cases,  to  deliver  the  convicts  to 
the  Superintendent,  at  the  prison  grounds,  and  to  report  the  same  forthwith  to 
the  Inspectors  at  their  office  in  San  Francisco. 

The  Superintendent  should  also  be  required  to  report  all  escapes,  within 
twelve  hours  after  their  occurrence,  at  the  office  of  the  Inspectors,  together  with 
the  circumstances  of  their  escape  and  a  careful  description  of  the  persons  of  the 
fugitives,  and  to  advertise  the  same  in  some  newspaper  published  in  San 
Francisco,  with  the  reward  offered  by  the  lessee  for  their  apprehension. 

The  State  Prison  of  California,  as  it  now  exists,  is  no  paradise  for  scoundrels. 
It  is  a  real  penitentiary — a  place  of  suffering  and  expiation.  Of  work  there  is 
abundance,  with  privations  and  corporal  punishment.  So  far,  it  is  well.  So 
far,  perhaps,  it  is  what  a  State  Prison  ought  to  be.  But  its  discipline  is  not. 
salutary,  nor  its  punishments  corrective.  The  system  that  prevails  of  unre- 
stricted intercourse  among  the  convicts,  is  essentially  vicious  and  corrupting, 
but,  so  long  as  the  contract  system  continues,  the  first  object  of  prison  discipline 
will  be  to  obtain  the  maxiuaum  of  labor  with  the  minimum  of  cost,  whilst  but 
little  attention  will  be  given  to  the  far  more  important  object — so  far  as  society 
is  concerned — the  reformation  of  the  convict. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

HORACE  W.  CARPENTIER, 
JAMES  MILLER, 
RICHARD  N.  SNOWDEN. 

iospectors  of  State  Prison. 


APPENDIX. 


[A] 


REGISTER  AND  DESCRIPTIVE  LIST 


OF 


COKVICTS    UKDEE    SENTEJS^CE 


Of  Imprisonment  in  the  State  Prison  of  California. 


12 


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PRISONERS  WHO  ESCAPED  FROM  COLONEL  HAYS  BETWEEN 
THE  1st  of  JANUARY  AND  THE  1st  OF  MAY,  1852. 


Whenrtceived 

Name  of  Convict. 

Crime. 

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County  sent  from. 

1851. 

, 

Dec       15 

Findlay  A.  Campbell 

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Butte 

16 

James  VVilsou 

Do 

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16 

J  C.  Aneger 

Do 

3 

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16 

Manuel  Escalente 

Do 

5 

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16 

Luiz  Garcia 

Do 

5 

Do 

16 

Ramon  Garcia 

Do 

5 

Do 

16 

Jose  Valdez 

Do 

5 

Do 

16 

Jose  Selesar 

burglary 

2 

Mariposa 

16 

Antonio  Valensuelo 

grand  larceny 

6 

Do 

16 

Nicholas  Forbes 

Do 

3 

Sacramento 

16 

Manuel  Aguera 

Do 

6 

Yuba 

23 

James  Smith 

Do 

2 

Sacramento 

1852. 

January  8 

Lewis  Ottinger 

grand  larceny 

1 

San  Francisco 

15 

Benjamin  Lewis 

arson 

2 

Do 

15 

William  Welsh 

grand  larceny 

5 

Do 

April     14 

Marcellus  Gray 

Do 

1 

Mariposa 

March  15 

James  Robinson . 

Do 

3 

San  Joaquin 

April       9 

Hugh  B.  Hethaley 

Do 

2 

Tuolumne 

March  19 

Antonio  Deraetro 

manslaughter 

3J 

Do 

April       9 

William  Baxter 

grand  larceny 

5 

San  Francisco 

July       19|Charles  Davis 

Do 

1 

Do 

16 


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England 

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Name  of  Convict. 

Francis  Christie* 
Thomas  Bradley* 
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John  Ronark* 
Thomas  Gilmore* 
James  Bendell* 
Antonio  Armento  h 
John  C.  Carroll* 

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21  Hiram  Quimby* 
25  Marco  Soto 
29  Cheriva  Rivera 
29  Ysidero  Redundo 
29  Chenia  Rodriguez  c 
29  Manuel  Antonio 

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RECEIVED,  ESCAPED,  AND  RETURNED  PRISONERS, 


SINCE  THE  INSPECTION  OF  STATE  PRISON  BOOKS. 


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DESCRIPTION  OF  ESCAPED  PRISONERS. 


December  2t,  1854. 


At  Large. 

William  C.  Reeves;  native  of  Texas.  Sent  for  grand  larceny  from  Mariposa, 
in  October,  1852,  for  five  years.  24  years  of  age,  5  feet,  9|  inches  high,  dark 
complexion,  blue  eyes,  auburn  hair;  has  a  blood  scar  on  right  thigh;  vaccina- 
tion mark. 


At  Large. 

James  Smith  was  sent  from  Sacramento  in  October,  1851,  for  grand  larceny; 
sentenced  to  two  years.  He  escaped  from  the  Prison  Brig  in  January,  1852, 
and  was  retaken  March,  1854.     A  baker  by  trade. 


At  Large. 

James  R.  Atkins,  a  native  of  Illinois,  Sent  from  Sacramento  in  Oct.  1854, 
for  five  years.  Crime,  grand  larceny.  Is  30  years  of  age,  5  feet  10  inches 
high,  fair  complexion,  grey  eyes,  auburn  hair. 


Badly  Wounded,  at  Large. 

Henry  A.  Stephens,  a  native  of  Ohio,  sent  from  Sacramento  at  same  date 
and  for  same  charge  as  James  R.  Atkins.  Sentenced  to  five  years.  Is  29 
years  of  age,  5  feet  11 J  inches  high,  fair  complexion,  grey  eyes,  dark  hair. 
Has  a  scar  on  left  arm  a  little  below  the  elbow :  scar  on  left  foot. 


Killed. 

John  Henderson,  alias  Boyle,  a  native  of  Massachusetts.  Was  sent  from 
Sierra  county,  in  May,  1854,  for  burglary.  Sentenced  to  three  years.  A 
piauo  forte  maker  by  trade.  5  feet  9  inches  high,  fair  complexion,  blue  eyes, 
black  hair.  Has  a  scar  on  corner  of  right  eye;  one  over  left  eye;  *' 100"  in 
India  ink  o.n  left  hand,  between  thumb  and  fore  finger;  one  large  and  2  small 
dots  in  ink  on  right  hand. 


'O' 


Retaken. 

Collin  Douglass,  a  native  of  Scotland.    Was  sent  from  El  Dorado  county  in 
August  last.    Crime,  grand  larceny.    Tor  one  year.    Is  22  years  of  age,  5  feet 

6 


42 

8J  inches  high,  fair  complexion,  blue  eyes,  black  hair.     Has   a  scar  on  the 
crown  of  his  head,  size  of  a  quarter  dollar. 


Wounded,  at  Large. 

Michael  Hines,  a  native  of  Ireland.  Was  sent  from  San  Francisco  in  October, 
1853.  Crime,  grand  larceny.  For  three  years  and  nine  mouths.  Is  35  years 
of  age,  a  stone-cutter  and  machinist  by  trade.  5  feet  *l\  inches  high,  fair  com- 
plexion, hazel  eyes,  dark  hair,  top  of  head  nearly  bald;  small  cut  under  right 
eye,  and  one  back  of  it  on  right  temple ;  two  cuts  under  right  eye ;  two  pock 
marks  corner  of  left  eye. 


At  Large. 

George  Wright,  a  native  of  England.  Was  sent  from  San  Francis^.o,  for 
highway  robbery,  m  August,  1853,  for  10  years.  Is  a  steward  by  occupation, 
22  years  of  age,  5  feet  6  inclies  high,  fair  complexion,  dark  eyes,  dark  hair. 
Has  a  large  white  spot  under  the  pupil  of  the  left  eye. 


At  Large,  Badly  Wounded. 

William  Powers,  a  native  of  New  York.  Was  sent  from  San  Francisco  in 
August,  1853,  for  highway  robbery,  (two  indictments).  Sentenced  to  20 
years.  Is  a  painter  by  trade,  32  years  of  age,  5  feet  10 J  inches  high,  fair  com- 
plexion, blue  eyes,  light  hair.  TJ.  S.  coat  of  arms  on  his  breast,  seaman's  guide 
on  the  right  urm,  a  sailor  with  U.  S.  flag  and  uplifted  cutlass,  a  figure  with  an 
Indian  and  musket  standing  under  a  tree,  scar  on  the  nose  and  one  above  the 
left  ear. 


Wounded,  at  Large. 

Wilham  Watkins,  a  native  of  Yirginia.  Was  sent,  for  burglary,  from  San 
Francisco,  in  June,  1851,  for  ten  years.  Is  29  years  of  age,  5  feet  8 J  inches 
high,  light  complexion,  blue  eyes,  light  hair.  Has  a  scar  on  left  temple,  slight 
scar  on  right  cheek,  small  scar  on  top  of  his  head. 


Retaken,  Thigh  Broken  by  a  Ball. 

William  Fleck,  a  native  of  Ohio.  Waas  sent  from  Placer  county,  for  grand 
larceny,  in  June,  1853,  for  ten  years.  Is  26  years  of  .age,  5  feet  t  inches  high, 
fair  complexion,  hazel  eyes,  dark  hair,  small  scar  on  under  part  of  his  chin. 


Retaken,    Wounded. 

George  Uiley,  a  native  of  Kew  York.  Was  sent  from  Sacramento,  for  grand 
larceny,  in  November,  1853,  for  four  years.  Is  24  years  ot  age,  a  moulder  by 
trade,  5  feet  2J  inches  high,  dark  complexion,  black  hair,  black  eyes. 


43 


Retaken. 


C.  Gr.  Smith,  a  native  of  Texas.  Was  sent  from  Sacramento,  for  grand 
larceny,  in  October,  1854,  for  two  years.  Is  31  years  of  age,  a  surveyor  by 
occupation,  5  feet  10 J  inches  high,  light  complexion,  blue  eyes,  light  hair. 
Has  a  scar  on  left  cheek. 


Retaken.    Wounded. 


William  Terry,  a  native  of  Ireland.  Was  sent  from  San  Francisco,  for  one 
year,  in  September,  1854,  for  grand  larceny.  Is  a  sailor,  26  years  old,  5  feet 
6J  inches  high,  light  complexion,  grey  eyes,  dark  hair,  scar  on  right  corner  of 
his  mouth,  cross  eyes. 


Killed,  in  attem'pting  a  Recapture. 

Juan  Marier,  a  native  of  France.  Was  sent  from  Alameda,  for  grand 
larceny,  in  May,  1854,  for  three  years.  Is  23  years  of  age,  5  feet  6  inches 
high,  fair  complexion,  brown  eyes,  dark  hair,  scar  over  the  lip,  on  the  right. 


Retaken,  Dangerously  Shot. 

John  Welch,  a  native  of  Ireland.  Was  sent  from  Sacramento,  in  February, 
1851,  for  grand  larceny.  Sentenced  to  ten  years.  Is  36  years  of  age,  5  feet 
8 1  inches  high,  fair  complexion,  blue  eyes,  dark  hair,  two  ^ars  ou  right  eye- 
brow, branded  on  both  cheeks,  vaccinated  on  right  arm. 


"^  Retakeji,  Wounded. 

* 

William  Bryafit,  alias  Sydney  Brown,  a  native  of  England.  Sent  from 
Yuba,  for  grand  larceny,  in  October,  1854,  for  ten  years.  Is  21  years  of  age, 
5  feet  10|  inches  high,  fair  complexion,  hazel  eyes,  dark  hair,  heavy  eyebrows. 


Killed. 

Henry  Wilson,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Sent  from  San  Francisco,  for  grand 
larceny,  in  April,  1854,  for  one  year.  Is  19  years  old,  5  feet  41  inches  high, 
fair  complexion,  hazel  eyes,  light  hair.  His  right  arm  has  been  broken  at  the 
elbow  and  cannot  be  stretched  nor  closed  against  the  body.  Two  large  moles 
on  the  chin  and  one  on  the  right  jaw. 


Retaken. 

P.  Davidson,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  Sent  from  Sacramento,  in  November, 
1854,'  for  two  years.  Crime,  grand  larceny.  Is  a  plasterer  by  trade,  5  feet  8 J 
inches  high,  24  years  of  age,  dark  complexion,  blue  eyes,  auburn  hair.  Has  a 
small  scar  over  right  eyebrow,  small  one  ou  left  cheek. 


44 


Badly  Wounded,  at  Large. 


Richard  Berry,  a  native  of  Ireland.  Was  sent  from  San  Francisco,  for  grand 
larceny,  in  July,  1854,  for  four  years.  Is  29  years  of  age,  a  sail  maker  by 
trade,  5  feet  5J  inches  high,  dark  complexion,  black  eyes,  black  hair,  bracelet 
round  right  wrist  in  India  ink,  R.  R.  B.,  R.  B.  and  M.  B.  and  M.  M.  on  right 
arm. 


Bliot  in  the  Hip,  at  Large. 

John  Lincoln,  a  native  of  I^ew  York.  Was  sent  from  San  Francisco,  for 
grand  larceny,  in  July,  1854,  for  five  years.  Is  a  machinist  and  engineer  by 
trade,  28  years  of  age,  5  feet  8J  inches  high,  fair  complexion,  blue  eyes,  dark 
hair,  small  wart  under  right  eye. 


45 


[C] 


STATEMENT 

Of  the  Place  of  Nativity  and  Occupation  of  the  Prisoners,  the  Counties  where* 
sentenced,  and  the  crimes  of  which  they  were  convicted : 

PLACE  OF  NATIVITY. 


Massachusetts, 

New-York, 

Ireland, 

Denmark,  - 

South  Carolina, 

Brazil, 

Maryland, 

Virginia,    - 

France, 

England,    - 

Delaware, 

Kentucky, 

Ohio,   - 

Germany,  - 

California, 

Chili, 

Maine, 

Pennsylvania, 

West  Indies,     - 

Mexico, 

Pern,    - 

Portugal, 

Canada, 

Panama, 

Italy,      - 

Scotland, 

District  Columbia, 

New-Jersey, 

Missouri, 

Texas, 

Argentine  Republic, 

Hungary, 

Connecticut, 

Illinois, 

Rhode  Island,     - 

New-Hampshire, 


23 

50 

45 

2 

4 

2 

8 

13 

22 

38 

1 

8 

19 

26 

20 

16 

2 

26 

2 

68 

4 

3 

4 

1 

2 

1 

3 

4 

5 

4 

2 

2 

3 

T 

2 

4 


46 

Sandwich  Islands,          -----  i 

Indiana,       -,-            -            -            -            -  -4 

Alabama,            ------  4 

Cuba,           -,-            --            -            -  -1 

China,    -             -             -             -             -             -            -  13 

Louisiana,    -            -            -             --             -  -4 

Yermont,            .-._._  ^j 

Florida,       -            -            -            -            -            -  -       1 

East  Indies,        ------  1 

Malta,           -            -            -            -            -            -  -       2 

Sweden,               -            -             .             -     '        -             -  2 

Korway,       -             -             -             -             -             -  -1 

iS^ova  Scotia,       --_-..  1 

Bavaria,       -             -            -             -             -            -  -1 

Westphalia,        -            -            -            -            -            -  1 

Michigan,     --             -             -             -            -  -1 

Belgium,             ------  1 

Australia,       -  -  -  -  -  --i 

Tennessee,          -            -            -            -            -            -  2 

Georgia,       -  •         -            -            -            -            -  .1 

Newfoundland,    -            -            -            -            -            -  1 

North  Carolina,       -             -            -            -            -  -       1 

Trinidad,            -            -            -            -            -            -  1 


OCCUPATION    OF   THE    CONVICTS. 

Cabinet  Makers,             -            -            -            -            -  4 

Farmers,      -             -             -             -             -             -  -19 

Surveyors,          -             -             -             -             -             -  2 

Laborers,      --            -             -            -             -  -118 

Sailors,  -             -             -             -             -             -             .  •  62 

Confectioners,           -            -            -            -            -  -      4 

Coopers,     --            -            -            -            --  5 

Bakers,         -             -             --             -             -  -11 

Coach  Smith,      ------  1 

Tailors,         -             -            -            -             -             -  -       9 

Gardener,           -            -            -            -            -            -  1 

Moulders,     -    '     ,   -            -             -            -            -  -       6 

Millwrights,        -            -            -            -     '       -            -  4 

Engineers^    -            -            -             -             -            -  -3 

Saddlers,             ------  5 

Marble  Cutters,        -            -            -            -            -  -       3 

Clerks,                15 

Painters,      -             -             -            -.-            -  -.3 

Vine  Dresser,      -            -            -            -            -            -  1 

Silversmiths,             -            .        •    -            .             -  -       2 

Printers,  .    - 

Sawyer,        -  -    .         - 

Fireman,  -      •       - 

Gunsmith,    ------- 

Carpenters,         -            -             -            -             -             -  2" 

Yaqueros,                 -            -            -            -            -  -I 


47 

Tin  Smiths,  ------  2 

Musicians,    -  -            -            -            -            -  -4 

Iron  Roller,  -            -            -            -            -            -  .  1 

Ranclieros,  -  -             -             -            -             -  -3 

Soldier,  -            -            --             -',      -  x 

Shoemakers,  -            -           '-            -            -  -    10 

Lawyers,  -             -            -             -             -             -  2 

Cooks,          -  -             -             --             -  -It 

Jewellers,  ------  4 

Adobe  builder,        -  -            -            -            -*-l 

Washmen,'  -             -            -             -             -            _  4 

Weaver,       --  -            -            -.           -  -i 

Circus  rider,  ------  1 

Loom  maker,  -             -             -             -             .  .       1 

Sail       "  -             -       ■      -             .     •        -             ...        2 

Cotton-factor,  -             -  .           -             ..             -  .       j 

Miners,  ---._.  9 

Bar  keepers,  -             -             -             -             .  -       2 

Coachman,  -              -              -              -              -             .  j 

Storekeepers,  -             -             -             -             .  -     13 

Ox-drivers,  ------  4 

Hostlers       -  -             -             -.             _  -4 

Butchers,  -             -             -             -             -             .  5 

Blacksmiths,  -             -             -             -             .  -   .10 

Tobacconist,  -----.  j 

Turners,       -  -             -             -             -             .  -2 

Painter,  ------  j 

Farriers,       -  -             -             -             -             .  -2 

Barbers,  ------  4 

Stewards,     -  -             -'-             .             _  -12 

Chandler,  -             -             -             -             -             .  2.  * 

Packers,       -  -.-             -             .             -  -2 

Stevedores,  ------  2 

Carbonero,  -             -             -             _*             _  . 


Boiler  maker,     -             -              .             -             -             .  i 

Tavern  keeper,  -             -             -             -             -  ,       j 

Coppersmith,      ----._  2 

Physician,    -  -              -              -              -              .  _       -^ 

Plasterer,             -              -             -              :             .              .  1 

Plumber,      -  -             -             ..'_  _-i 
Bricklayer,  *-             -             -             .-.'i 

1 
1 
1 


Piano  forte  maker. 

Trainer  of  Horses, 

Psdler, 

Gamblers,  -         •    -  -  .  .  -*  2 

Indians,        -  -..  _  __  -4 

Caulker, 

Porter, 

Stone  Mason, 

Oigar  makers,  -  -  -      .       -  -  -       3 

JMachinist,  -  -  .  .  .  ,  n 

Ship  Carpenters,      -  -  -  .  -  -       3 

Fisherman,  -  -  .  .  .'  _  2 

Harness  makers,       -  -  -  -  .  -      2 


1 
1 
1 


48 


[B.] 


AGES  OF  CONYICTS. 


55  under  20  years. 
Ill  between  20  and  25. 
107  between  25  and  30. 
Ill  between  30  and  40. 
23  between  40  and  50. 
6  between  50  and  60. 
1  between  60  and  70. 
•74  not  reported. 
654  Total. 


Whole  'No.  of  prisoners  admitted, 

discharged, 


Males, 
Females, 

escaped, 
pardoned,    -        -        -        - 
died,        -        -        -        -        - 
killed,         -        -     •  -        - 
remaining  on  10th  January,  1855, 
unaccounted  for,  -        -        - 


554 

-  138 

75 

-  38 

1 

8 

292 

2 


550 
4 


554 


49 


COUNTIES  WHERE  SENTENCED. 


Alameda,  -            -            -            -            -            --            -             2 

Amador,    -  -            -            -            --            -            -            -2 

Butte,  --            .            _            _            _            .            .             g 
Colusi,        .------__2 

Calaveras,  -            -            --            -            --            -           28 

Contra  Costa,  -            -            -            -            -v            -            -            -10 

El  Dorado,  --------           34 

Humboldt,  .            -            -            ,            _            _            _            -    00 

Klamath,  -             -            -             -             --             -.            00 

Los  Angeles,  -            -            -            -            -,..            -9 

Marin,  -            -            -            -.-            --            -             4 

Mariposa,  -  -            -            -            -          •  -            .            _            -     36 

Monterey,  -            -            -            -            -            ....             5 

Napa,         -  -            --            -            -            -.            -1 

Nevada,  -            -            -            -            _■.            --10 

Placer,       -  --            -            -            -            -            -            -20 

Sacramento,  --------go 

San  Diego,  -            -            -             -            --            -            -2 

San  Francisco,  -            -            -"            -            -            .            -         152 

San  Joaquin,  ...             .            .             -             .            .            -36 

San  Luis  Obispo,  -            -            ...            .            _             2 

Santa  Barbara,       --------i 

Santa  Clara,  -            -            --            -            -            -            -10 

Shasta,       -  -            -            -•-            -            --..y 

Sierra,  ----....             5 

Siskiyou,     -  -            -            -            -            -'-            -            -8 

Solano,  -            -            -            -            -            -,-            -             4 

Sonoma,     -  -            -           *-            -            -            -            --1 

Sutter,  -            -            -            ._.            .            .             2 

Trinity,       -  -            -            -            -            -            -            .            .      6 

Tulare,  ------..             x 

Tuolumne,  -            -            -            -            --            -            -33 

Yuba,  -            -            -            -            .            -            .            -           24 


CRIMES  UPON   WHICH  CONVICTED. 


Burglary,        -            -  -            -            .            .            -       *    .  20 

Grand  larceny,      -            -  -            -            .            .            .  .    381 

Manslaughter,             -  -            -            -            .            .            .  X8 

Rape,       -            -            -  -            -•          .            -•_  -9 

Sodomy,          -            -  -            .            .            .            ._  ,j 

Perjury,    -             -             -  •-             .             -            .            .  -        4 

Mayhem,         -----...  4 

Assault  with  intent  to  kill,  -            -            -            -            -  -      32 

7 


50 

94. 

Highway  robbery,       -            -            -            "         .  "            '            '  f** 

Murder,    -            - '  1 

Assisting  prisoners  to  escape,              -       •     -            -            "            "  * 

Assault  with  deadly  weaj^ons,       -            -            ■            "            '      -     '  l 

Arson,             -             -            '             "            "             "            "            "  „ 

Keceiving  stolen  goods     ^             "'"""*  3 
Assault  and  battery    -            - 


5L 


[D.] 


LIST  OF  EMPLOYEES  AT  STATE  PRISON,  NOVEMBER  26,  1854. 


A.  H.  Pillow,  Superintendent. 

John  M.  Gray,  Assistant  Superintendent. 
Asa  Estes,  Captain  of  the  Guard. 

B.  F.  PuLLEN,  Assistant  Captain. 
Joseph  R.  Gray,  Assistant  Captain. 
Alexander  Read,  Commissary, 

Charles  P.  Batchelder,  Guard. 

John  M.  Gray,  " 

L.  D.  Jones,  " 

Charles  W.  Robinson,        " 

Timothy  Rogers,  '' 

Sartial  Root,  " 

Stephen  Welsh, 

Jennings  Estill,  '' 

Samuel  Gillespie,  " 

Arthur  Andrews, 

George  W.  Woods, 

J.  M.  Smith, 

William  A.  Ilobbs, 

John  McKenzie,  " 

John  Fleming,  " 

William  Snyder,  " 

Hiram  Cation,  " 

M.  M.  Kenuey,  " 

H.  Bristol, 

George  W.  Wells, 

E.  P.  Fisher, 

T.  F.  Hardy, 

JHneas  Dewer, 

Thomas  Simpson, 


K 
U 
l( 
it 


52 


[E.] 


Oefice  of  the  Board  of  State  I^rison  Inspectors,  ] 

Sacramento,  December,  1854.      j 

Sir:— 

You  are  respectfully  requested  to  report,  by  mail,  to  the  undersigned,  a 
correct  statement  of  the  criminal  records  of  your  county  since  its  organization. 

^  You  will  please  to  state — 

1.  Number  of  indictments  tried  in  your  county. 

2.  Number  of  convictions  and  nature  of  offences. 

3.  Kind  and  degree  of  punishment. 

4.  Number  of  convictions  for  felony,  names  of  convicts,  date  of  sentence,  term 
of  imprisonment,  if  any,  and  date  of  commitment  in  each  case. 

5.  Number  of  capital  executions. 

6.  Number  of  escapes  from  the  County  Jail,  and  names  of  convicts  sentenced 
to  imprisonment  in  the  State  Prison  escaped  from  the  County  Jail,  or  from  the 
Sheriff  whilst  removing  them  to  the  State  Prison,  or  released  on  habeas  corpus, 
and  the  date  of  their  escape  or  release. 

1.  The  condition  of  the  County  Jail,  and  such  other  information  touching  the 
subject  matter  as  may  occur  to  you  and  as  it  may  be  convenient  to  give. 

"Very  respectfully,  yours, 

H.  W.  CARPENTIER, 

J.  MILLER, 

R.  N.  SNOWDEN^, 


State  Prison  Inspectors. 


To : ,  Esq., 

County  Clerk  of county. 


53 


[F.] 


THE  STATE  PRISOK 


Executive  Department,  ] 

Sacramento,  Oct.  20th,  1854.  J 

Messrs.  Miller,  Carpentier  and  Snowden, 

State  Prison  Inspectors  : 

Gentlemen  : 

Having  learned  from  various  reliable  sources-  that  quite  a  number  of  escapes 
have  recently  occurred  from  the  State  Prison,  which,  to  some  extent  is  in  your 
charge,  I  deem  it  my  duty  respectfully  to  invite  your  attention  to  the  section  of 
law  regulating  your  duties,  which  reads  as  follows  : 

"  Sec.  7.  The  Inspectors  shall  make  all  rules  and  regulations  which  they 
may  deem  proper  for  the  discipline  of  the  prison,  and  not  inconsistent  with  law, 
for  the  safe  keeping,  health  and  cleanliness  of  the  prisoners,  copies  of  which 
they  shall  cause  to  be  posted  up  in  conspicuous  parts  of  the  prison  and  prison 
grounds.  On  or  before  the  first  day  of  February  of  each  year,  the  said 
Inspectors  shall  make  a  report  in  writing  to  the  Legislature,  which  report  shall 
contain  an  account  of  the  condition  and  management  of  the  prison,  and  a  full 
exhibition  of  the  government  and  discipline  thereof." 

It  is  true  that  under  the  above  section  of  law  you  are  required  to  report  to 
the  Legislature  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  February  of  each  year,  but  the 
peculiar  state  of  things  now  existing,  it  is  hoped,  will  induce  you  at  once  to  give 
the  matter  careful  attention,  and  report  the  facts  of  the  case  to  the  Executive 
at  as  early  a  day  as  possible,  and,  at  the  time  named  in  the  law,  make  another 
report  to  the  Legislature. 

The  escapes  which  have  recently  occurred  render  it  necessary,  in  justice  to  all 
concerned,  as  well  as  to  restore  public  confidence,  that  a  rigid  examination 
should  at  once  be  had  as  to  the  condition  of  the  building  and  the  conduct  of 
those  having  charge  of  the  prisoners. 

Until  such  an  examination  shall  have  been  had,  and  the  true  state  of  the 
case  made  known,  erroneous  impressions,  prejudicial  to  the  character  of  all  con- 
nected, either  directly  or  indirectly,  with  the  management  of  the  prison,  will 
gain  currency  and  credence. 

These  escapes,  permit  me  here  to  remark,  give  great  force  to  allegations,  daily 
and  publicly  made,  that  the  prison  building  is  insecure,  and  that  its  manage- 
ment is  not  such  as  to  fully  accomplish  the  object  of  its  erection,  in  the  preven- 
tion and  punishment  of  crime. 

The  number  and  frequency  of  these  escapes  will  greatly  embolden  the  vicious, 
and  unless  carefully  guarded  against  hereafter,  will  have  a  tendency  to  increase 


54 

crime.  It  is,  therefore,  deemed  highly  important  that  a  thorough  examination 
should  be  made,  and  all  defects,  whether  in  the  building  or  the  discipline  of  the 
prison,  remedied  immediately,  so  as  to  render  escape  hereafter  impossible. 

As. the  lessee  and  those  employed  by  him  in  guarding  the  prisoners,  are  deeply 
interested  in  having  the  true  state  of  the  case  made  known,  I  desire  you  to 
obtain  from  them  information  in  relation  to  the  building,  as  well  as  to  the  their 
management  of  the  prisoners,  whilst  employed  outside  of  the  prison  building. 

I  also  desire  you  to  report  fully  the  whole  number  received  by  the  lessee,  and 
their  respective  names  ;  the  number  and  names  of  those  released  by  expira- 
tion of  time  ;  the  number  and  names  of  those  pardoned  by  the  Executive  ;  the 
number  and  names  of  those  who  have  escaped  ;  the  number  and  names  of  those 
retaken  ;  the  number  and  names  of  those  who  have  died,  and  also  the  number 
and  names  of  those  now  in  prison,  the  date  of  sentence  of  each,  and  the  date  of 
expiration  of  time. 

If  the  lessee,  or  those  in  his  employ  as  keepers,  desire  to  introduce  testimony 
explanatory  of  the  causes  of  the  escapes  eifected,  I  would  suggest  the  propriety 
of  affording  them  the  opportunity,  the  great  and  only  object  being  to  ascertain 
the  facts,  and  guard  against  the  recurrence  of  similar  escapes  in  the  future. 

Section  6th  of  the  5th  Article  in  the  Constitution  authorizes  the  Governor  at 
any  time  to  require  information  in  writing  from  public  officers,  upon  any  subject 
relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices.  To  this  section,  and  also  the 
^th  section  of  the  same  article,  which  declares  that  he,  (the  Governor,)  "  shall 
see  that  the  laws  are  laithfully  executed,"  your  attention  is  respectfully  invited, 
not  that  I  entertain  doubts  as  to  your  willingness  to  respond  to  this  communi- 
cation, but  merely  to  satisfy  yourselves  and  others  that  my  action  in  the  premises 
is  fully  authorized. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Very  respectfully, 

Your  ob't.  servant, 

JOHN  BIGLER. 


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